Here's a brief summary of some of the named chapters:-
Ultramarines
These guys are as standard as any chapter there is, nothing sets them apart from any other 'codex' chapter.
Dark angels
These guys are primrily shooty, they have access to lots of plasma weapons because they are one of the first chapters. Their first and second companies have different organisation than other codex chapters.
The first company is known as the deathwing and is made up excluisvely of terminators. Their second company are known as the ravenwing, all these guys ride bikes or landspeeders.
Blood angels
These guys are mainly assault based, they get the death company, basically some marines who are hell bent on killing. Every unit in the army has the risk of runnig straight after the enemy in game, they get a few abilities they make them nasty in hand-to hand.
Black templars
Possibly the most assaulty army there is. Practically everything they have can be geared to hand-to-hand combat. They have little heavy support when compared to other space marine chapters.
Space wolves
These guys are very assault based, they generally get a lot of attacks and have a few abilities. They can be made into a shooty force but you miss out on their awesome commanders.
White scars
These guys are very skilled bike riders. Most of their chapter is based around lightning raids on bikes. Naturally they need to be geared to close combat, but they can have fairly nasty shooty lists.
Raven guard
These guys focus on infiltrating and assault, they like to get close and then strike with maximum force, generally assaulty but can easily be shooty as well.
Imperial fists
These guys are as codex as the Ultrmarines, though they do specialise in sieges a bit more.
Thats a summary of the main chapters, if you wish to know more just ask, i'm sure anyone (including myself) will be willing to help.
Ultramarines
These guys are as standard as any chapter there is, nothing sets them apart from any other 'codex' chapter.
Dark angels
These guys are primrily shooty, they have access to lots of plasma weapons because they are one of the first chapters. Their first and second companies have different organisation than other codex chapters.
The first company is known as the deathwing and is made up excluisvely of terminators. Their second company are known as the ravenwing, all these guys ride bikes or landspeeders.
Blood angels
These guys are mainly assault based, they get the death company, basically some marines who are hell bent on killing. Every unit in the army has the risk of runnig straight after the enemy in game, they get a few abilities they make them nasty in hand-to hand.
Black templars
Possibly the most assaulty army there is. Practically everything they have can be geared to hand-to-hand combat. They have little heavy support when compared to other space marine chapters.
Space wolves
These guys are very assault based, they generally get a lot of attacks and have a few abilities. They can be made into a shooty force but you miss out on their awesome commanders.
White scars
These guys are very skilled bike riders. Most of their chapter is based around lightning raids on bikes. Naturally they need to be geared to close combat, but they can have fairly nasty shooty lists.
Raven guard
These guys focus on infiltrating and assault, they like to get close and then strike with maximum force, generally assaulty but can easily be shooty as well.
Imperial fists
These guys are as codex as the Ultrmarines, though they do specialise in sieges a bit more.
Thats a summary of the main chapters, if you wish to know more just ask, i'm sure anyone (including myself) will be willing to help.